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MC1121 100mA Charge Pump Voltage Converter with Shutdown
The MC1121 is a charge pump converter with 100mA output current capability. It converts a 2.4V to 5.5V input to a corresponding negative output voltage. As with all charge pump converters, the MC1121 uses no inductors saving cost, size, and reducing EMI. An on-board oscillator operates at a typical frequency of 10kHz (at VDD = 5V) when the frequency control input (FC) is connected to ground. The oscillator frequency increases to 200kHz when FC is connected to VDD, allowing the use of smaller capacitors. Operation at sub-10kHz frequencies results in lower quiescent current and is accomplished with the addition of an external capacitor from OSC (pin 7) to ground. The MC1121 can be driven from an external clock connected OSC. Typical supply current at 10kHz is 50A, and falls to less than 1A when the shutdown input is brought low, whether the internal or an external clock is used. The MC1121 is available in a Micro-8 package. Features * Converts a 2.4V to 5.5V Input Voltage to a Corresponding Negative Output Voltage (Inverter Mode) * Uses Only 2 Capacitors; No Inductors Required! * High Output Current: 100mA * Selectable Oscillator Frequency: 10kHz to 200kHz * Power-Saving Shutdown Input * Optional High-Frequency Operation Allows Use of Small Capacitors * Low Operating Current (FC = GND): 50A * Tested Operating Temperature Range: -40C to +85C Typical Applications * Laptop Computers * Medical Instruments * Disk Drives * P-Based Controllers * Process Instrumentation
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
+ CAP+ SHDN FC OSC - CAP- C1
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Micro8 DM SUFFIX CASE TBD PRELIMINARY INFORMATION
PIN CONFIGURATION (Top View)
FC 1 CAP+ 2 GND 3 CAP- 4
MC1121 8 VDD 7 OSC 6 SHDN 5 VOUT
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device MC1121DMR2 Package Micro-8 Shipping 2500 Tape/Reel
OSC CONTROL RC OSCILLATOR SWITCH MATRIX
Vout + C2
VDD GND
MC1121
LOGIC CIRCUITS
(c) Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 1999
1
February, 2000 - Rev. 0
Publication Order Number: MC1121/D
MC1121
PIN DESCRIPTION
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FC Frequency control for internal oscillator, FC = open, FOSC = 10kHz typ; FC = VDD, FOSC = 200kHz typ, FC has no effect when OSC pin is driven externally Charge-pump capacitor, positive terminal Power-supply ground input CAP+ GND CAP- Charge-pump capacitor, negative terminal Output, negative voltage Shutdown VOUT SHDN OSC VDD Oscillator control input. An external capacitor can be added to slow the oscillator. Take care to minimize stray capacitance. An external oscillator also may be connected to overdrive OSC Power-supply positive voltage input
Pin No.
Symbol
Description
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Parameter VDD Supply Voltage Operating Temperature Range OSC, FC, SHDN Input Voltage Output Short Circuit Duration Storage Temperature Range Package Power Dissipation (TA 70C) Micro8 Derate by 4mW/C for TA > 70C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 Seconds) * Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Value 6.0 -40 to +85 -0.3 to (VDD + 0.3) 10 -65 to +150 333 +300
Unit V C V Sec C mW C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = -40C to +85C, VDD = 5V 10% COSC = OPEN, C1, C2 = 10F, FC = VDD, SHDN = VIH, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25C.)
Symbol IDD Characteristic Active Supply Current RL = Open, FC = Open or GND RL = Open, FC = VDD Shutdown Supply Current (SHDN = 0V) Supply Voltage SHDN Logic High Input Voltage SHDN Logic Low Input Voltage Input Leakage Current SHDN, OSC FC Pin Output Source Resistance (IOUT = 60 mA) Output Current (VOUT more negative than -3.75V) Oscillator Frequency OSC Open, FC = Open or GND SHDN = VIH, FC = VDD Power Efficiency (FC = GND) RL = 2kW between VDD and VOUT RL = 1 kW between VOUT and GND IL = 60 mA to GND Voltage Conversion Efficiency (RL = OPEN) Min -- -- -- 2.4 VDD x 0.8 -- -1.0 -4.0 -- 60 5.0 100 93 94 -- 99 Typ 50 0.6 0.2 -- -- -- -- -- 12 100 10 200 97 97 92 99.9 Max 100 1.0 1.0 5.5 -- 0.4 1.0 4.0 20 -- -- -- % -- -- -- -- % Unit A mA A V V V A
IDD(SHDN) VDD VIH VIL IIN
ROUT IOUT FOSC
W
mA kHz
PEFF
VEFF
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MC1121
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Negative Voltage Converter
The MC1121 is typically used as a charge-pump voltage inverter. C1 and C2 are the only two external capacitors used in the operating circuit (see Figure 1).
2.4 V to 5.5 V
VDD 8 MC1121 CAP+ OSC 2 7 1 FC + C2 - 3 4 GND CAP- SHDN 6 SHDN* Vout - C2 +
Vout 5
NOTES: *SHDN should be tied to VDD if not used.
Figure 1. Charge Pump Inverter
The oscillator runs at 10kHz (typical) when FC and OSC are not connected. The oscillator frequency is lowered by connecting a capacitor between OSC and GND, but FC can still multiply the frequency by 20 times in this mode. An external clock source that swings within 100mV of VDD and GND may overdrive OSC in the inverter mode. OSC can be driven by any CMOS logic output. When OSC is overdriven, FC has no effect. Note that the frequency of the signal appearing at CAP+ and CAP- is half that of the oscillator. In addition, by lowering the oscillator frequency, the effective output resistance of the charge-pump increases. To compensate for this, the value of the charge-pump capacitors may be increased. Because the 5kHz output ripple frequency may be low enough to interfere with other circuitry, the oscillator frequency can be increased with the use of the FC pin or an external oscillator. The output ripple frequency is half the selected oscillator frequency. Although the MC1121's quiescent current will increase if the clock frequency is increased, it allows smaller capacitance values to be used for C1 and C2.
Capacitor Selection
The MC1121 is not actively regulated. A typical output source resistance of 11.8W means that an input of +5V results in - 5V output voltage under light load, and only decreases to - 3.8V (typ) with a 100mA load. The supplied output current is from capacitor C2 during one-half the charge-pump cycle. This results in a peak-to-peak ripple of: VRIPPLE = IOUT/2(fPUMP) (C2) + IOUT (ESRC2) Where fPUMP is 5kHz (one half the nominal 10kHz oscillator frequency), and C2 = 150F with an ESR of 0.2W ripple is about 90mV with a 100mA load current. If C2 is raised to 390F, the ripple drops to 45mV.
Changing Oscillator Frequency
The MC1121's clock frequency is controlled by four modes:
FC Open FC = VDD Open or FC = VDD Open OSC Open Open External Capacitor External Clock Oscillator Frequency 10kHz 200kHz Reduced from 10kHz or 200kHz depending on FC state External Clock Frequency
In addition to load current, the following factors affect the MC1121 output voltage drop from its ideal value 1) output resistance, 2) pump (C1) and reservoir (C2) capacitor ESRs, and 3) C1 and C2 capacitance. The voltage drop is the load current times the output resistance. The loss in C2 is the load current times C2's ESR; C1's loss is larger because it handles currents greater than the load current during charge-pump operation. Therefore, the voltage drop due to C1 is about four times C1's ESR multiplied by the load current, and a low (or high) ESR capacitor has a greater impact on performance for C1 than for C2. In general, as the MC1121's pump frequency increases, capacitance values needed to maintain comparable ripple and output resistance diminish proportionately.
Cascading Devices
To produce greater negative magnitudes of the initial supply voltage, the MC1121 may be cascaded (see Figure 2). The resulting output resistance is approximately equal to the sum of individual MC1121 ROUT values. The output voltage (where n is an integer representing the number of devices cascaded) is defined by VOUT = - n (VIN).
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MC1121
MC1121 "1" 1 2 + C1 3 4 GND CAP- SHDN 6 SHDN* C1n FC CAP+ Vin+ FC CAP+ GND CAP- MC1121 "n" 1 2 + 3 4 C2 + SHDN 6 SHDN* Vout C2 + VDD 8 OSC 7
VDD 8 OSC 7
Vout 5
Vout 5
NOTES: *SHDN should be tied to it's respective VDD if not used.
Figure 2. Cascading MC1121s to Increase Output Voltage Paralleling Devices
To reduce output resistance, multiple MC1121s may be paralleled (see Figure 3). Each device needs a pump
MC1121 "1" 1 2 + C1 3 4 GND CAP- SHDN 6 *SHDN FC CAP+ Vin+
capacitor C1, but the reservoir capacitor C2 serves all devices. The value of C2 should be increased by a factor of n (the number of devices).
MC1121 "n" 1 FC CAP+ GND CAP- VDD 8 OSC SHDN 7 6 SHDN*
VDD 8 OSC 7 OSC + C1n
2 3 4
Vout 5
Vout 5
Rout = Rout (of MC1121)/n(number of devices) NOTES: *SHDN should be tied to VDD if not used. C2 +
Figure 3. Paralleling MC1121s to Reduce Output Resistance Combined Positive Supply Multiplication and Negative Voltage Conversion
Vin+ D1, D2 = 1N4148 VDD 1 8 MC1121 CAP+ OSC 2 7 FC C1 3 4 GND CAP- Vout 5 SHDN 6 SHDN* + C2 D1 Vout = Vin-
Figure 4 shows this dual function circuit, in which capacitors C1 and C2 perform pump and reservoir functions to generate the negative voltage. Capacitors C2 and C4 are the respective capacitors for the multiplied positive voltage. This particular configuration leads to higher source impedances of the generated supplies due to the finite impedance of the common charge-pump driver.
+
C3 + NOTES: *SHDN should be tied to VDD if not used.
Vout = (2Vin) - (VFD1) - (VFD2) D2 + C4
Figure 4. Combined Positive Multiplier and Negative Converter
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MC1121
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
Component Taping Orientation for Micro-8 Devices
USER DIRECTION OF FEED
PIN 1
Standard Reel Component Orientation for R2 Suffix Device (Mark Right Side Up) Tape & Reel Specifications Table Package Micro-8 Tape Width (W) 12 mm Pitch (P) 4 mm Part Per Full Reel 2500 Diameter 13 inches
MARKING
MC1121DMR2
1121
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MC1121
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
Micro8 PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE TBD ISSUE TBD
PIN 1
.122 (3.10) .197 (5.00) .114 (2.90) .187 (4.80)
.026 (0.65) TYP. .122 (3.10) .114 (2.90)
.043 (1.10) MAX. .006 (0.15) .016 (0.40) .002 (0.05) .010 (0.25)
6 MAX.
.008 (0.20) .005 (0.13) .028 (0.70) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm)
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MC1121
Notes
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MC1121
ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals" must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION
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MC1121/D

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